Auxiliary+Verbs

Auxiliary Verbs Modal Verbs
 * Auxiliary Verbs**


 * **Auxiliary Verbs** ||  ||
 * definition: a verb functioning to give further information to the main verb following it || examples: "do", "be", "have" ||
 * where it appears in the sentence: subject + **AUXILIARY VERB** + main verb || grammatical forms associated with it: passive, continuous, perfect ||
 * change placement in questions || in Object, Subject, and Adverbial questions, the auxiliary verb moves to the front of the sentence. ||

"do": is only used in questions and negations. ex: Do you have a car? I do not want cookies for dessert. 
 * "be" || passive || continuous (+ continuous participle of main verb) || perfect ||
 * 1st Singular || was || am/was (I am/was _-ing.) || been ||
 * 2nd Singular || were || are/were (You are/were -ing.) || been ||
 * 3rd Singular || was || is/was (He is/was -ing.) || been ||
 * 1st Plural || were || are/were (We are/were -ing.) || been ||
 * 2nd Plural ||  ||   || - ||   ||
 * 3rd Plural || were || are/were (They are/were -ing.) || -been ||
 * "have" || passive || continuous (+ continuous particle of main verb) || perfect ||
 * 1st Singular || - || - ||  ||
 * 2nd Singular || - || - ||  ||
 * 3rd Singular || - || - ||  ||
 * 1st Plural || - || - ||  ||
 * 2nd Plural || - || - ||  ||
 * 3rd Plural || - || - ||  ||
 * 3rd Plural || - || - ||  ||

--EXCEPTIONS--

Although do, be, and have are considered auxiliary verbs, meaning they can fit into a larger construction as described above, they can also stand alone as words with a slightly different meanings. They follow the same conjugations, but again the meaning is complete. In this case, do, be, and have are actually bare infinitives.

DO- Synonyms when alone (in various instances, not all): “complete” “finish”

EX: I //DID// MY HOMEWORK.

HAVE- Synonyms when alone (in various instances, not all): “possess” “own” “consume”

EX: I //HAVE// A DOG.

BE- Being such a basic word, perhaps the simplest verb there’s really no synonyms. They are described as “STATE OF BEING” words. Do and have can be transitive action verbs, whereas be is always a linking verb.

EX: HE //IS// A LAWYER

Modal Verbs Modal Verbs are auxiliaries with special Functions. They can express probability or express obligations or permissions and are often used to perform social acts such as requests and advice.

Inflection || Can Refer to Past Time || Infinitive/ participle form || Followed by bare infinitive || Can be preceded by another auxiliary || Meaning: Probability || Meaning: Intrinsic || **can** //Possibility:// Let's see if I can make that appointment //Negative:// Maybe he cannot walk //Social Function:// Can I go to the birthday party //Negative Function:// ? **could**
 * Modal || Takes
 * can || - || - || - || + || - ||  ||   ||
 * could || - || + || - || + || - ||  ||   ||
 * be able to || + || + || + || -? || + ||  ||   ||
 *  may || - || - || - || + || - ||  ||   ||
 * might || - || - || - || + || - ||  ||   ||
 * will || - || - || - || + || - ||  ||   ||
 * would || - || + || - || + || - ||  ||   ||
 * shall || - || - || - || + || - ||  ||   ||
 * should || - || - || - || + || - ||  ||   ||
 * must || - || - || - || + || - ||  ||   ||
 * have to || + || + || + || - || + ||  ||   ||
 *  need (to) || + || + || + || - || + ||  ||   ||
 * ought (to) || - || - || + || - || - ||  ||   ||

**be able to** //Negative:// I am not able to walk on water. //Social Function:// You're able to stay out past curfew. //Negative Function:// You are not able to stay out past curfew.

**may**

**might** //Possibility//**:** I might go to the store today //Negative//__:__ He might not go out tonight //Social Function:// you might want to reconsider going out with him //Negative Function:// You might not want to date him

//Possibility//: You will tie your shoes today. //Negative//: You will not eat that banana. //Social Function//: Will you dance with me? //Negative//: Won't you dance with me? **would** //Possibility:// I would like some ice cream. //Negative:// I wouldn't like any ice cream. //Social:// Would you like some ice cream? //Negative Function:// You wouldn't eat ice cream, would you?
 * will**

//Possibility:// We shall see. //Negative Posibility:// I shall not want.* //Social Function:// I shall finish my meal. //Negative Function:// I shall not want.*
 * shall**

//Possibility:// I should eat soon. //Negative Possibility:// Shouldn't you go to the store? //Social Function:// Should we go to the movies? //Negative Function:// You should not go to the party.
 * should**

//Possibility:// Must we go to the store, Mother? //Negative Possibility:// Mustn’t we go to the store? //Social Function:// You must complete your homework. //Negative Function:// You must not swim without a buddy.
 * must**

**have (to):** //Possibility:// If I have to do my homework, I will do it tomorrow //Negative: maybe I wont have to do my chores// //Social Function:// I have to drink my tea //Negative Function:// I don't have to eat anything.

**need (to):** //Possibility//: NOT AN OPTION //Negative+Possibility//: NOT AN OPTION //Social Function//: You need to buy a new phone. //Negative + Function//: You don't need to buy a new phone.

**ought** **(to)** Possibility- It ought to snow today Negative + Possibility- It ought to not be hard. It ought to not smell good. Social: One ought to use their napkin. Negative + function: I ought to not skip work.

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